Technical Bulletins - телят

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S24.5 Water, the basis for health and growth

Clean, fresh and high-quality drinking water is essential for calves in the rearing period. Water is the basis for health and growth. There are major differences worldwide in the availability, quality and knowledge about water for young calves. This bulletin describes the ideal starting points regarding water.

S24.2 Maintaining calf growth during winter conditions

During winter, it is a challenge to maintain the growth of young calves, minimize growth loss, and keep calves healthy. In this bulletin, we discuss the metabolic energy level that a calf needs for maintenance in cold conditions and the impact of milk feeding on energy intake and daily growth.

S23.6 Rickets, a disorder affecting the skeleton of young calves

Rickets is a metabolic disturbance of the growing bones that usually manifests itself during a calf's first months of life. In this technical bulletin we explain the causes of rickets and how to prevent it.

S23.1 More is not always better: Copper and Zinc content

The mineral content in calf milk replacers has been increased for years now. This is due to a multitude of reasons, such as competitive arguments and needs of the calf. The recommendation of mineral requirements of calves remained the same or even decreased in recent years. What does this mean for a calf?

S22.15 Fat sources in calf milk replacer

When we talk about the composition of a calf milk replacer, we often refer to the proportion of skimmed milk powder, the quality of the whey powder and the proportion of dairy and vegetable protein. We should definitely not forget about the fat sources that a CMR contains. For years, Schils has researched various fat sources and fat contents in CMR to investigate the growth and health performance of calves. In the last years questions arose about the sustainability, origin and environmental impact of the fat sources in CMR. But what does this mean for the performance of young calves and the composition of the fat in a CMR?

S22.14 Protein Equivalent: Amino acids, the building blocks for growth of young rearing calves

Sustainability has become an integral part of agriculture. For that reason, we developed the Eurolac PE concept. Eurolac PE stands for Protein Equivalent. We concluded, after performing extensive trials, that reducing the protein content in milk replacers from 23% to 20% with the same amino acid pattern and an intensive feeding schedule results in similar growth

S22.11 Dehorning young calves

During the milk period, young calves are already exposed to treatments such as ear tags, blood sampling and injections / vaccinations which can increases the stress level of calves. Dehorning is also a treatment during which it is important to keep the pain and stress level as low as possible and to affect the well-being of the calf as little as possible.

S22.4 Diarrhea in young calves caused by aggressive bacteria

Calf diarrhea is a problem on many farms. The bacteria that can cause diarrhea in calves are usually not foreign but naturally present in the intestines. Under certain circumstances, these bacteria can multiply explosively, causing problems at the intestinal level.In this bulletin we explain the differences in terms of infection, symptoms, and curative and preventive treatment options.

S22.3 Jersey calves - Milk period

Jersey calves have a higher maintenance energy requirement than other cattle breeds. In this bulletin, we discuss the feeding schedule best suited for achieving efficient growth and optimal health in Jersey calf rearing.

S22.2 Jersey calves - Rearing curious, stubborn, and attentive calves

Jersey dairy cows are known for producing milk with high levels of fat and protein. Their average production level is around 6,000 kilograms of milk per year. In this bulletin we explain the qualities and difficulties of the Jersey breed and give tips on how to raise strong & healthy Jersey calves.

S22.1 Suckling behaviour of calves

Calves sometimes lick or suckle each other after the milk feeding. This behaviour is completely natural and happens on every farm. Calves that are suckling each other constantly can be an annoyance to farmers. On some farms, this suckling behaviour between calves can lead to major problems. In this bulletin we explain the suckling motivation of calves and how to prevent and unlearn undesired suckling behaviour. 

S21.8 Prevention of pneumonia pays off

In this bulletin we discuss the importance of healthy lungs and how to prevent pneumonia in calves. 

S21.7 The effects of heat stress in calves are often underestimated

Although calves are less likely to suffer from heat stress than dairy cows, they can certainly experience discomfort from heat stress, with serious consequences. This bulletin explains the effects of heat stress in calves and how to prevent it. 

S21.6 Explaining calf diarrhea and why prevention is so important

Calf diarrhea is one of the most common problems in calf rearing. Unfortunately, most diarrhea causes are not that easy to solve with a good tip or the use of a supportive product. Calf diarrhea is one of the biggest frustrations of calf rearing and is responsible for over 50% of calf mortality worldwide.

S21.3 Calves deserve to grow 1 kilogram per day

Optimal rearing, without health problems and high youth growth, ensures the genetic potential of a calf in terms of expected milk production and health can be realized.

S21.1 Respiratory problems caused by aspiration

Respiratory problems caused by aspiration are the result of suboptimal management and can have serious consequences for a calf. In this Technical Bulletin we explain how to identify and prevent respiratory problems caused by aspiration.

S20.4 Whey or skimmed milk as a basis for your calves?

Protein is the building block for calves to grow and stay healthy. But where does the protein in milk replacer come from? In this bulletin we explain the differences between protein sources in calf milk replacers.

S20.3 Feed additives in milk replacers for extra support and security - SPP2.0

Feed additives are added to milk replacers for decades. Additives can be divided into four groups; technological-, sensory-,nutritional- and zootechnical additives. In this bulletin we will discuss several additives which can be categorized into the zootechnical group of additives.

S20.2 Stimulating the esophageal groove reflex through calf management

Young calves have a special reflex to ensure that milk bypasses the rumen, reticulum and omasum and flows directly into the abomasum; the esophageal groove reflex. A proper functioning esophageal groove reflex
is of the utmost importance for an optimal digestion and growth of the calves. 

S20.1 Rumen development takes place in the first 3 months after birth

The impact of rumen development on the growth of rearing calves is discussed, based the results of a VanDrie feed trial. 

S19.6 Several factors play a part in achieving better growth

In “The 1KG Growth Program” that we developed, several factors are described that play an important part in realising maximum growth of your calves. Calf milk replacer is obviously one of the most important factors involved. In this bulletin we will discuss different feeding strategies that lead to higher growth.

S19.1 Solid feed for rumination - our vision

The composition and quality of different kinds of solid feed are discussed.

S17.2 Feeding Systems for Calves 

An overview of the different feeding systems for calves, with each system's pros and cons discussed.

S17.1 How to tackle lung problems of newborn calves? 

A summary of the most important factors that cause lung problems followed by a recommendation how to decrease the number of lung treatments that is needed.

S16.3 Guidelines for calf rearing 

A set of guidelines to achieve the best possible result in calf rearing. Colostrum, housing, feed and health are discussed. Recommendations and practical tips are given.

S16.2 Quality of calf milk replacers 

The influence of raw materials, protein in particular, on the quality of calf milk replacers and calf rearing in general. Protein digestion, protein sources, protein levels and protein types are discussed.

S16.1 Water quality and quantity for your calves

The benefits of sufficient water quantity and the most important parameters that determine water quantity.

S15.4 Housing 

Optimal housing conditions for calves, with a focus on individual housing, housing on straw, space, draught, ventilation and temperature. 

S15.3 Effects of weaning age  

The risks of weaning calves early supported by trial results and advice regarding CMR to ensure good health and growth. 

S15.2 Feeding Calf milk replacer or cow’s milk? 

Arguments for feeding calf milk replacer instead of cow milk to calves.

S15.1 The importance of feeding colostrum to new-born calves 

Feeding colostrum to the calves directly after birth is very important for the passive immunity and protein level in the blood is a good indicator for this. It is recommended to analyze protein level of calves on a regular base to check the colostrum quality and immunoglobulin transfer.

S14.5 Supplementing cow milk with Calf Milk Replacer 

Instructions on how much and how to mix calf milk replacer.

S14.4 How to gain more growth in the milk period? 

The effect of the total quantity of milk replacer on the calf’s growth and. Comparison between 25 kg CMR and 35 kg CMR during the milk period. Comparison between 35 kg CMR and 50 kg CMR during the milk period.

S14.3 Antibiotics in dairy cow milk and the development of resistance 

The effects of feeding cow milk containing antibiotics to calves (waste milk).

S14.2 Feed forage feed to start calves? 

Calves need solid feed for their rumen development, growth and for a smooth switch during the weaning period to a complete solid feed ration. We recommend straw as forage feed, min. 10-20% of total solid feed intake or ad-libitum should be provided.

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